"The Developmental Crises of the First Three Years of Life"
During early childhood, children undergo significant developmental transitions, often termed "crises," where they advance from one stage to another. These transitions are essential for personal growth and require a prepared environment to support the child's progress.
The term "crisis" originally means "judgment" or "test." In the context of child development, it refers to the challenges children face as they transition between stages. These periods test the child's readiness to move forward and are less problematic when the environment is supportive and the child is well-prepared. Adults must understand these developmental stages to create an environment that supports the child's growth. Observing physical and psychological development helps adults provide appropriate support during these critical times.
Birth Transition
Birth is the first major developmental test, marking a shift from the prenatal environment to the outside world. The child begins to establish independence, supported by the mother and the new environment, which now provides the necessary conditions for growth.
Effective support during these transitions involves a combination of love and understanding of the child's needs. The period immediately after birth, known as the symbiotic period, is crucial for establishing trust and unity between the child and the caregivers, setting the stage for future development.
Weaning: The Second Transition
The second major developmental transition is weaning, which signifies not only the physical shift from milk to solid foods but also a psychological shift toward greater awareness of the self and the external world. This stage is marked by increased independence and curiosity.
Objectivation Transition:
Around 8 to 9 months, children realize they can interact with and influence their environment. This period requires a safe space for exploration and supportive adults to encourage physical and psychological growth.
Self-Affirmation Transition:
Known as the crisis of opposition, this stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years. Children assert their independence by frequently saying "no." This phase, while challenging, is a positive sign of the child's growing sense of self and desire for autonomy. It’s important for parents to recognize and respect the child's need for independence and decision-making.
During the Self-Affirmation crisis, offering choices helps children feel empowered. Simple decisions, like choosing between two shirts or foods, enable children to exercise their independence while adults maintain control over the outcome. This approach fosters a sense of democratic participation and respects the child's growing need for autonomy, helping them navigate developmental transitions smoothly.
At 3 years old, children are ready for more complex learning, such as reading and writing. They have a strong sense of self and are prepared to engage with the world around them.
"Crises are opportunities for growth, not only for children but for everyone involved."
Dr. Silvana Montanaro
For truly grasp the child's mind during these crucial first three years, read the remarkable book "Understanding the Human Being" by Silvana Montanaro.
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